Belgique : la Cour constitutionnelle défend le secret professionnel des avocats dans le cadre de la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux
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Si le secret professionnel a été reconnu par la Cour de justice des communautés européennes dans son arrêt du 26 juin 2007, certaines dispositions des directives relatives à la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme tendent à le remettre en cause. De nombreux barreaux européens s'insurgent contre ces textes. Le dernier en date : l'ordre des barreaux belges qui, avec le conseil des barreaux de l'UE, a saisi la Cour constitutionnelle d'une requête visant des dispositions légales belges qui, depuis 2004, obligent sous peine d'amende, les avocats à informer les autorités de faits ou de soupçons de blanchiment d'argent. La Cour constitutionnelle, le 23 janvier 2008, n'a annulé que des aspects secondaires de la législation en vigueur et a opté pour une réécriture en profondeur des textes. Les juges ont estimé que les avocats "ne peuvent être confondus avec les autorités chargées de la recherche des infractions". Pour la Cour, le secret professionnel est un principe général qui participe du respect des droits fondamentaux, et ne peut être remis en cause que pour un motif impérieux.
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