Etude de législation comparée du Sénat : la majorité pénale
Auteur | Legal News |
L'article 122-8 du Code pénal dispose que "les mineurs capables de discernement sont pénalement responsables" ; la jurisprudence considère en général que, dès 8 à 10 ans, les enfants possèdent la capacité de discernement suffisante pour être pénalement responsables de leurs actes. Les sanctions encourues par les délinquants mineurs âgés d'au moins 13 ans sont énoncées par l'ordonnance nº 45-174 du 2 février 1945 relative à l'enfance délinquante. L'âge de la majorité pénale s'établit à 18 ans, mais certains mineurs de plus de 16 ans peuvent être assimilés à des majeurs sur le plan pénal (article 20-2 de l'ordonnance du 2 février 1945). La loi du 5 mars 2007 relative à la prévention de la délinquance a étendu la possibilité d'exclure l'excuse de minorité aux auteurs de graves infractions et supprimé l'obligation de motivation en cas de récidive (à noter que le projet de loi renforçant la lutte contre la récidive des majeurs et des mineurs maintient le principe de l'excuse de minorité, mais l'écarte en cas de deuxième récidive). Ce projet d'abaissement à 16 ans de l'âge de la majorité pénale dans certains cas a conduit le Sénat à s'interroger sur les dispositions en vigueur dans les principaux pays européens. Pour les pays retenus - Allemagne...
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